Jessica AbetchaJul 4, 2026
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3.4 Sound
1 Describe the production of sound by vibrating sources
2 Describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves and describe compressions and rarefactions
3 State the approximate range of frequencies audible to humans as 20Hz to 20000Hz
4 Explain why sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum and describe an experiment to demonstrate this
5 Describe how changes in amplitude and frequency affect the loudness and pitch of sound waves
6 Describe how different sound sources produce sound waves with different qualities (timbres), as shown by
the shape of the traces on an oscilloscope
7 Describe an echo as the reflection of sound waves
8 Describe simple experiments to show the reflection of sound waves
9 Describe a method involving a measurement of distance and time for determining the speed of sound in air
10 Know that the speed of sound in air is approximately 330–350m/s
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