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10 D.C. circuits 10.1 Practical circuits Candidates should be able to: 1 recall and use the circuit symbols shown in section 6 of this syllabus 2 draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing the circuit symbols shown in section 6 of this syllabus 3 define and use the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a source as energy transferred per unit charge in driving charge around a complete circuit 4 distinguish between e.m.f. and potential difference (p.d.) in terms of energy considerations 5 understand the effects of the internal resistance of a source of e.m.f. on the terminal potential difference 10.2 Kirchhoff’s laws Candidates should be able to: 1 recall Kirchhoff’s first law and understand that it is a consequence of conservation of charge 2 recall Kirchhoff’s second law and understand that it is a consequence of conservation of energy 3 derive, using Kirchhoff’s laws,
